S2871 |
T0070907
|
T0070907 is a potent inhibitor of PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator activator receptor γ ) that induces G2/M arrest and enhances the effect of radiation in human cervical cancer cells through mitotic catastrophe. It also acts as an antagonist of PPARγ that suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation and motility via both PPARgamma-dependent and -independent mechanisms. |
-
Immunity, 2024, 57(10):2344-2361.e7
-
Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1):1429
-
Bone Res, 2024, 12(1):15
|
|
S2556 |
Rosiglitazone
|
Rosiglitazone is a potent antihyperglycemic agent and a potent thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer with IC50 of 12, 4 and 9 nM for rat, 3T3-L1 and human adipocytes, respectively. Rosiglitazone is a pure ligand of PPAR-gamma, and has no PPAR-alpha-binding action. Rosiglitazone modulates TRP channels and induces autophagy. Rosiglitazone prevents ferroptosis. |
-
Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1):1429
-
Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1):7991
-
Research (Wash D C), 2024, 7:0400
|
|
S2915 |
GW9662
|
GW9662 is a selective PPAR antagonist for PPARγ with IC50 of 3.3 nM in a cell-free assay, with at least 10- to 600-fold functional selectivity in cells with PPARγ versus PPARα and PPARδ. |
-
J Hematol Oncol, 2024, 17(1):9
-
Research (Wash D C), 2024, 7:0400
-
Int J Biol Sci, 2024, 20(6):2323-2338
|
|
S2590 |
Pioglitazone
|
Pioglitazone is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) agonist, used to treat diabetes; A weak activator for full-length hPPARα, but not full-length hPPARδ. |
-
Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2024, 9(1):257
-
Cell Commun Signal, 2024, 22(1):266
-
Braz J Med Biol Res, 2024, 57:e13235
|
|
S2505 |
Rosiglitazone maleate
|
Rosiglitazone maleate, a member of the thiazolidinedione class of antihyperglycaemic agents, is a high-affinity selective agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) with IC50 of 42 nM. Rosiglitazone maleate also modulates TRP channels and induces autophagy. Rosiglitazone prevents ferroptosis. |
-
Stem Cell Reports, 2022, 17(11):2531-2547
-
Cell Death Dis, 2021, 12(11):972
-
Antioxidants (Basel), 2021, 10(2)155
|
|
S7484 |
FH535
|
FH535 is a Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor and also a dual PPARγ and PPARδ antagonist.
|
-
Int J Biol Sci, 2024, 20(6):2323-2338
-
Gastroenterology, 2023, S0016-5085(23)00114-2
-
Gastroenterology, 2023, 164(6):990-1005
|
|
S2075 |
Rosiglitazone HCl
|
Rosiglitazone HCl is a blood glucose-lowering drugs, stimulating insulin secretion by binding to the PPAR receptors in fat cells. |
-
Stem Cell Reports, 2022, 17(11):2531-2547
-
Cell Death Dis, 2021, 12(11):972
-
Antioxidants (Basel), 2021, 10(2)155
|
|
S8029 |
WY-14643 (Pirinixic Acid)
|
WY-14643 (Pirinixic Acid, NSC 310038) is a potent and selective PPARα activator with an EC50 of 1.5 μM. |
-
Front Pharmacol, 2024, 15:1366479
-
Front Pharmacol, 2024, 15:1366479
-
Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2022, 14(6):1311-1331
|
|
S2798 |
GW6471
|
GW 6471 is a potent antagonist of PPARα with IC50 of 0.24 μM. |
-
Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1):7611
-
Cancer Lett, 2024, 587:216724
-
JCI Insight, 2024, 9(6)e171961
|
|
S1794 |
Fenofibrate
|
Fenofibrate is a compound of the fibrate class and fibric acid derivative. Fenofibrate is a selective agonist of PPARα with EC50 of 30 μM. Fenofibrate binds to and inhibits cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP)2C with IC50 of 0.2 μM, 0.7 μM and 9.7 μM for CYP2C19, CYP2B6 and CYP2C9, respectively. Fenofibrate induces autophagy. |
-
Heliyon, 2024, 10(11):e31861
-
Cancer Lett, 2023, 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216427
-
Cell Metab, 2022, 34(2):299-316.e6
|
|
S8025 |
GSK3787
|
GSK3787 is a selective and irreversible antagonist of PPARδ with pIC50 of 6.6, with no measurable affinity for hPPARα or hPPARγ. |
-
Cell Discov, 2023, 9(1):54
-
Cell Discov, 2023, 9(1):54
-
J Cancer, 2023, 14(6):1049-1061
|
|
S2046 |
Pioglitazone HCl
|
Pioglitazone HCl (AD-4833, U-72107E) is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C8 and CYP3A4 enzymes. Pioglitazone HCl inhibits CYP2C8, CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 with Ki of 1.7 μM, 11.8 μM and 32.1 μM, respectively. Pioglitazone HCl is also a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) agonist with EC50 of 0.93 μM and 0.99 μM for human PPARγ and mouse PPARγ, respectively. Pioglitazone HCl inhibits mitochondrial iron uptake, lipid peroxidation, and subsequent ferroptosis. |
-
J Transl Med, 2024, 22(1):593
-
Commun Biol, 2022, 5(1):231
-
J Genet Genomics, 2022, S1673-8527(22)00133-3
|
|
S8020 |
GW0742
|
GW0742 is a potent and highly selective PPARβ/δ agonist, with IC50 of 1 nM, with 1000-fold selectivity over hPPARα and hPPARγ. |
-
Cell Commun Signal, 2024, 22(1):266
-
Med Oncol, 2024, 41(8):188
-
Life Sci, 2021, 279:119696
|
|
S7955 |
EPI-001
|
EPI-001 is an androgen receptor N-terminal domain antagonist with IC50 of ∼6 μM and a selective PPAR-gamma modulator.
|
-
Int J Biol Macromol, 2024, 278(Pt 3):134844
-
Nat Struct Mol Biol, 2023, 30(12):1958-1969
-
Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(4)3823
|
|
S7767 |
AZ6102
|
AZ6102 is a potent TNKS1/2 inhibitor that has 100-fold selectivity against other PARP family enzymes and shows IC50 of 5 nM for Wnt pathway inhibition in DLD-1 cells. |
-
Nat Commun, 2022, 13(1):2070
-
Sci Adv, 2022, 8(19):eabh2332
-
Haematologica, 2021, 10.3324/haematol.2020.267096
|
|
S3834 |
Astaxanthin
|
Astaxanthin (β-Carotene-4,4'-dione, Trans-Astaxanthin), a xanthophyll carotenoid, is a nutrient with unique cell membrane actions and diverse clinical benefits with excellent safety and tolerability. |
-
Int Immunopharmacol, 2023, 119:110159
-
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2022, 77-8:1485-1493
-
Aging (Albany NY), 2019, 11(22):10513-10531
|
|
S3846 |
Eupatilin
|
Eupatilin (NSC 122413), a major flavonoid from Artemisia plants, possesses various beneficial biological effects including anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-cancer, anti-allergy, and anti-oxidation activity. |
-
Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(6)5933
-
Front Pharmacol, 2022, 13:940475
-
Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(24)16055
|
|
S8432 |
Troglitazone
|
Troglitazone is a potent agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-(PPAR) that is a ligand activated transcription factor regulating cell differentiation and growth. Troglitazone induces autophagy, apoptosis and necroptosis in bladder cancer cells. Troglitazone prevents RSL3-induced ferroptosis and lipid peroxidation in Pfa1 cells. |
-
CNS Neurosci Ther, 2024, 30(8):e14911
-
Int J Mol Med, 2024, 53(4)37
-
Free Radic Biol Med, 2021, 163:234-242
|
|
S5817 |
GSK0660
|
GSK0660 is a potent PPARβ/δ antagonist with a pIC50 of 6.8 (binding assay IC50 = 155 nM; antagonist assay IC50 = 300 nM) and is nearly inactive on PPARα and PPARγ with IC50s above approximately 10 μM. |
-
Cells, 2024, 13(3):206.
-
Cells, 2024, 13(3)206
-
Elife, 2023, 12e82970
|
|
S4159 |
Bezafibrate
|
Bezafibrate (BM 15075) is the first clinically tested dual and pan-PPAR co-agonism. |
-
Nat Commun, 2021, 12(1):1929
-
PPAR Res, 2021, 2021:5589342
|
|
S9189 |
Oroxin A
|
Oroxin A (Baicalein 7-O-glucoside), an active component isolated from the herb Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, activates PPARγ and inhibits α-glucosidase, exerting antioxidant activity. |
-
Front Pharmacol, 2022, 13:894899
-
An Acad Bras Cienc, 2022, 94(suppl 4):e20211400
|
|
S9723 |
CDDO-Im (RTA-403)
|
CDDO-Im (RTA-403) is an activator of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). CDDO-Im binds to PPARα and PPARγ with Ki of 232 nM and 344 nM, respectively. CDDO-Im inhibits inflammatory response and tumor growth in vivo. |
-
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2022, 241:113754
-
Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(19)11715
|
|
S4527 |
Fenofibric acid
|
Fenofibric acid (NSC 281318, Trilipix, FNF acid) is a fibrate that acts as a lipid-lowering agent, decreasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. |
-
Front Med (Lausanne), 2021, 8:788663
-
Int J Pharm, 2019, 570:118661
|
|
S3868 |
Harmine
|
Harmine (Telepathine), a fluorescent harmala alkaloid belonging to the beta-carboline family of compounds, is a highly cell-permeant and competitive inhibitor of ATP binding to the kinase pocket of DYRK1A, with about 60-fold higher IC50 value for DYRK2. Harmine also inhibits monoamine oxidases (MAOs), PPARγ and cdc-like kinases (CLKs). Harmine inhibits 5-HT2A serotonin receptor with Ki of 397 nM. |
-
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2022, 77-8:1485-1493
-
Cell Death Dis, 2019, 10(12):899
|
|
S4708 |
Palmitoylethanolamide
|
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA, Palmidrol, N-palmitoylethanolamine) is an endogenous fatty acid amide and selectively activates PPAR-α in vitro with an EC50 value of 3.1±0.4 μM. |
-
Neurosci Insights, 2020, 15:2633105520975412
-
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2019, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.07.005
|
|
S2665 |
Ciprofibrate
|
Ciprofibrate (Win-35833) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist. |
-
Respir Physiol Neurobiol, 2020, 271:103290
|
|
S1849 |
Daidzein
|
Daidzein is a natural isoflavone phytoestrogen found in Leguminosae, used as a component of foods and dietary supplements. |
-
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2024, 275:116262
-
J Mol Neurosci, 2018, 64(2):211-223
|
|
S4207 |
Clofibric Acid
|
Clofibric acid(Chlorofibrinic acid) is a PPARα agonist and hypolipidemic agent. |
-
Lab Invest, 2023, 103(1):100004
|
|
S8770 |
Lanifibranor (IVA-337)
|
Lanifibranor (IVA-337) is a moderately potent and well balanced pan PPAR agonist with EC50 values of 1537 nM, 866 nM and 206 nM for hPPARα, hPPARδ and hPPARγ, respectively. |
-
Brain Res Bull, 2021, 177:22-30
|
|
S0531 |
DG172 dihydrochloride
|
DG-172 dihydrochloride is a novel PPARβ/δ-selective antagonist with the IC50 of 27 nM. |
-
Cell Signal, 2022, 93:110304
|
|
S6906 |
Capric acid
|
Capric acid (DA, Decanoic acid, Decylic acid), a component of medium-chain triclycerides occurring naturally in coconut oil and palm kernel oil, contributes to seizure control through direct AMPA receptor inhibition. Capric acid is also a modulating ligand for PPARs. Due to its specific melting range the product may be solid, liquid, a solidified melt or a supercooled melt.
|
-
Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 2023, 16(5)692
|
|
S3786 |
Glabridin
|
Glabridin (Q-100692, KB-289522, LS-176045), one of the active phytochemicals in licorice extract, binds to and activates the ligand binding domain of PPARγ, as well as the full length receptor. It is also a GABAA receptor positive modulator promoting fatty acid oxidation and improving learning and memory. |
-
Life Sci, 2021, S0024-3205(20)31752-5
|
|
S3875 |
Alpinetin
|
Alpinetin, a composition of Alpinia katsumadai Hayata, has been reported to have a number of biological properties, such as antibacterial, antitumor and other important therapeutic activities. |
-
Nutrients, 2021, 13(10)3382
|
|
S3720 |
Elafibranor
|
Elafibranor (GFT505) is an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α(PPAR-alpha) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ(PPAR-δ). It improves insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism and reduces inflammation. |
-
JHEP Rep, 2023, 5(10):100845
-
JHEP Rep, 2023, 5(10):100845
|
|
S7867 |
Oleuropein
|
Oleuropein is an antioxidant polyphenol isolated from olive leaf. Oleuropein exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects and suppresses the adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Oleuropein inhibits PPARγ activity. Oleuropein exerts anti-adipogenic effect through direct inhibition of PPARγ transcriptional activity. Oleuropein also inhibits aromatase. Oleuropein induces apoptosis. Phase 2. |
-
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 2024, 15:1354435
-
J Med Virol, 2019, 91(8):1440-1447
|
|
S9177 |
Gypenoside XLIX
|
Gypenoside XLIX, a naturally occurring gynosaponin, is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha activator. |
-
Chin Med, 2024, 19(1):70
-
Am J Transl Res, 2023, 15(2):834-846
|
|
S1473New |
GW501516
|
GW501516 is a potent and highly selective PPARβ/δ agonist, with EC50 of 1 nM, with 1000-fold selectivity over hPPARα and hPPARγ. Phase 4. |
|
|
S1729 |
Gemfibrozil
|
Gemfibrozil (CI-719) is an activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα), used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. |
|
|
S9199 |
Pseudoginsenoside F11
|
Pseudoginsenoside F11, a natural product found in American ginseng but not in Asian ginseng, is a novel partial PPARγ agonist. |
|
|
S3290 |
Procyanidin B2 (PCB2)
|
Procyanidin B2 (PCB2), a natural flavonoid found in commonly consumed foods, possess anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities. Procyanidin B2 activates PPARγ to induce M2 polarization in mouse macrophages. Procyanidin B2 significantly suppresses the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the lung tissue induced by paraquat in the rat model. |
-
BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 2024, 24(1):231
|
|
E0473 |
CUDA
|
CUDA is a potent inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), with IC50s of 11.1 nM and 112 nM for mouse sEH and human sEH, respectively, also selectively increases peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha activity. |
|
|
S5121 |
Phytol
|
Phytol (Trans-Phytol), a diterpene alcohol from chlorophyll widely used as a food additive and in medicinal fields, shows antinociceptive and antioxidant activities as well as anti-inflammatory and antiallergic effects. It is a specific activator of PPARα. |
|
|
S0773 |
Mifobate
|
Mifobate (SR-202), a potent and specific PPARγ antagonist, selectively inhibits Thiazolidinedione (TZD)-induced PPARγ transcriptional activity (IC50=140 μM). |
|
|
S8046 |
GW7647
|
GW7647 is a potent PPARα agonist, with EC50s of 6 nM, 1.1 μM, and 6.2 μM for human PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively. |
|
|
S6635New |
Seladelpar
|
Seladelpar(MBX-8025) is a potent and selective agonist of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-delta (PPAR-δ) with EC50 of 2 nM for human PPAR-δ. MBX-8025 enhances insulin sensitivity, counters dyslipidemia, and reduces hepatic storage of lipotoxic lipids, thereby ameliorating NASH pathology in obese diabetic mice. |
|
|
S5824 |
Cinnamyl alcohol
|
Cinnamyl alcohol is a naturally occurring compound that is found within cinnamon. |
|
|
S5113 |
Propyl gallate
|
Propyl gallate (Gallic acid propyl esterZ, n-Propyl gallate) is an antioxidant used in foods especially animal fats and vegetable oils, also in a wide variety of cosmetics and beauty care products. |
|
|
S3878 |
Bavachinin
|
Bavachinin (7-O-Methylbavachin) is a novel natural pan-PPAR agonist from the fruit of the traditional Chinese glucose-lowering herb malaytea scurfpea. It shows stronger activities with PPAR-γ than with PPAR-α and PPAR-β/δ (EC50 = 0.74 μmol/l, 4.00 μmol/l and 8.07 μmol/l in 293T cells, respectively). |
|
|
S0170 |
BMS-687453
|
BMS-687453 (compound 2) is a potent and selective agonist of PPARα with EC50 of 10 nM and IC50 of 260 nM for human PPARα. |
|
|
S5812 |
Choline Fenofibrate
|
Choline fenofibrate(ABT-335) is a newly developed choline salt of fenofibric acid, a synthetic phenoxy-isobutyric acid derivate with antihyperlipidemic activity that acts as an PPARα agonist. |
|
|
S9674 |
Saroglitazar
|
Saroglitazar (Lipaglyn, ZYH1) is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) with EC50 of 0.65 pM and 3 nM for hPPARα and hPPARγ in HepG2 cells, respectively. |
|
|
E1699New |
SR10221
|
SR10221 is a inverse-agonist of PPARγ with IC50 of 1.6 nM in RT112/84 FABP4-NLucP reporter assay. It exhibits an antiproliferative activity in vitro. |
|
|
S9129 |
20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh1
|
20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh1 (Prosapogenin A2, Sanchinoside B2, Sanchinoside Rh1) is one of major bioactive compounds extracted from red ginseng, which has been increasingly used for enhancing cognition and physical health worldwide. It exhibits potent characteristics of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory effects, and positive effects on the nervous system. Ginsenoside Rh1 inhibits the expression of PPAR-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. |
|
|
S9480 |
Raspberry Ketone
|
Raspberry ketone (p-Hydroxybenzyl acetone, Frambinone, Oxyphenylon, Rheosmin, Rasketone) is a natural phenolic compound that is the primary aroma compound of red raspberries. |
|
|
S5851 |
4'-Methoxychalcone
|
4'-Methoxychalcone, found in citrus, is chalcone derivative that has shown diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. |
|
|
E1775New |
2,4-Thiazolidinedione
|
2,4-Thiazolidinedione (Thiazolidinedione), an insulin sensitizer, is a specific agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ. Thiazolidinedione treatment corrects impaired muscle insulin action in vivo. |
|
|
E1831New |
FX-909
|
FX-909 is an orally available inverse agonist and inhibitor of the transcription factor (TF) peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG, PPARγ) ), which exhibits anti-tumor activity in vivo. |
|
|
S2556 |
Rosiglitazone
|
Rosiglitazone is a potent antihyperglycemic agent and a potent thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer with IC50 of 12, 4 and 9 nM for rat, 3T3-L1 and human adipocytes, respectively. Rosiglitazone is a pure ligand of PPAR-gamma, and has no PPAR-alpha-binding action. Rosiglitazone modulates TRP channels and induces autophagy. Rosiglitazone prevents ferroptosis. |
-
Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1):1429
-
Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1):7991
-
Research (Wash D C), 2024, 7:0400
|
|
S2590 |
Pioglitazone
|
Pioglitazone is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) agonist, used to treat diabetes; A weak activator for full-length hPPARα, but not full-length hPPARδ. |
-
Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2024, 9(1):257
-
Cell Commun Signal, 2024, 22(1):266
-
Braz J Med Biol Res, 2024, 57:e13235
|
|
S2505 |
Rosiglitazone maleate
|
Rosiglitazone maleate, a member of the thiazolidinedione class of antihyperglycaemic agents, is a high-affinity selective agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) with IC50 of 42 nM. Rosiglitazone maleate also modulates TRP channels and induces autophagy. Rosiglitazone prevents ferroptosis. |
-
Stem Cell Reports, 2022, 17(11):2531-2547
-
Cell Death Dis, 2021, 12(11):972
-
Antioxidants (Basel), 2021, 10(2)155
|
|
S2075 |
Rosiglitazone HCl
|
Rosiglitazone HCl is a blood glucose-lowering drugs, stimulating insulin secretion by binding to the PPAR receptors in fat cells. |
-
Stem Cell Reports, 2022, 17(11):2531-2547
-
Cell Death Dis, 2021, 12(11):972
-
Antioxidants (Basel), 2021, 10(2)155
|
|
S1794 |
Fenofibrate
|
Fenofibrate is a compound of the fibrate class and fibric acid derivative. Fenofibrate is a selective agonist of PPARα with EC50 of 30 μM. Fenofibrate binds to and inhibits cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP)2C with IC50 of 0.2 μM, 0.7 μM and 9.7 μM for CYP2C19, CYP2B6 and CYP2C9, respectively. Fenofibrate induces autophagy. |
-
Heliyon, 2024, 10(11):e31861
-
Cancer Lett, 2023, 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216427
-
Cell Metab, 2022, 34(2):299-316.e6
|
|
S2046 |
Pioglitazone HCl
|
Pioglitazone HCl (AD-4833, U-72107E) is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C8 and CYP3A4 enzymes. Pioglitazone HCl inhibits CYP2C8, CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 with Ki of 1.7 μM, 11.8 μM and 32.1 μM, respectively. Pioglitazone HCl is also a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) agonist with EC50 of 0.93 μM and 0.99 μM for human PPARγ and mouse PPARγ, respectively. Pioglitazone HCl inhibits mitochondrial iron uptake, lipid peroxidation, and subsequent ferroptosis. |
-
J Transl Med, 2024, 22(1):593
-
Commun Biol, 2022, 5(1):231
-
J Genet Genomics, 2022, S1673-8527(22)00133-3
|
|
S8020 |
GW0742
|
GW0742 is a potent and highly selective PPARβ/δ agonist, with IC50 of 1 nM, with 1000-fold selectivity over hPPARα and hPPARγ. |
-
Cell Commun Signal, 2024, 22(1):266
-
Med Oncol, 2024, 41(8):188
-
Life Sci, 2021, 279:119696
|
|
S3846 |
Eupatilin
|
Eupatilin (NSC 122413), a major flavonoid from Artemisia plants, possesses various beneficial biological effects including anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-cancer, anti-allergy, and anti-oxidation activity. |
-
Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(6)5933
-
Front Pharmacol, 2022, 13:940475
-
Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(24)16055
|
|
S8432 |
Troglitazone
|
Troglitazone is a potent agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-(PPAR) that is a ligand activated transcription factor regulating cell differentiation and growth. Troglitazone induces autophagy, apoptosis and necroptosis in bladder cancer cells. Troglitazone prevents RSL3-induced ferroptosis and lipid peroxidation in Pfa1 cells. |
-
CNS Neurosci Ther, 2024, 30(8):e14911
-
Int J Mol Med, 2024, 53(4)37
-
Free Radic Biol Med, 2021, 163:234-242
|
|
S4159 |
Bezafibrate
|
Bezafibrate (BM 15075) is the first clinically tested dual and pan-PPAR co-agonism. |
-
Nat Commun, 2021, 12(1):1929
-
PPAR Res, 2021, 2021:5589342
|
|
S2665 |
Ciprofibrate
|
Ciprofibrate (Win-35833) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist. |
-
Respir Physiol Neurobiol, 2020, 271:103290
|
|
S4207 |
Clofibric Acid
|
Clofibric acid(Chlorofibrinic acid) is a PPARα agonist and hypolipidemic agent. |
-
Lab Invest, 2023, 103(1):100004
|
|
S8770 |
Lanifibranor (IVA-337)
|
Lanifibranor (IVA-337) is a moderately potent and well balanced pan PPAR agonist with EC50 values of 1537 nM, 866 nM and 206 nM for hPPARα, hPPARδ and hPPARγ, respectively. |
-
Brain Res Bull, 2021, 177:22-30
|
|
S3786 |
Glabridin
|
Glabridin (Q-100692, KB-289522, LS-176045), one of the active phytochemicals in licorice extract, binds to and activates the ligand binding domain of PPARγ, as well as the full length receptor. It is also a GABAA receptor positive modulator promoting fatty acid oxidation and improving learning and memory. |
-
Life Sci, 2021, S0024-3205(20)31752-5
|
|
S3720 |
Elafibranor
|
Elafibranor (GFT505) is an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α(PPAR-alpha) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ(PPAR-δ). It improves insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism and reduces inflammation. |
-
JHEP Rep, 2023, 5(10):100845
-
JHEP Rep, 2023, 5(10):100845
|
|
S1473New |
GW501516
|
GW501516 is a potent and highly selective PPARβ/δ agonist, with EC50 of 1 nM, with 1000-fold selectivity over hPPARα and hPPARγ. Phase 4. |
|
|
S9199 |
Pseudoginsenoside F11
|
Pseudoginsenoside F11, a natural product found in American ginseng but not in Asian ginseng, is a novel partial PPARγ agonist. |
|
|
S8046 |
GW7647
|
GW7647 is a potent PPARα agonist, with EC50s of 6 nM, 1.1 μM, and 6.2 μM for human PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively. |
|
|
S6635New |
Seladelpar
|
Seladelpar(MBX-8025) is a potent and selective agonist of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-delta (PPAR-δ) with EC50 of 2 nM for human PPAR-δ. MBX-8025 enhances insulin sensitivity, counters dyslipidemia, and reduces hepatic storage of lipotoxic lipids, thereby ameliorating NASH pathology in obese diabetic mice. |
|
|
S3878 |
Bavachinin
|
Bavachinin (7-O-Methylbavachin) is a novel natural pan-PPAR agonist from the fruit of the traditional Chinese glucose-lowering herb malaytea scurfpea. It shows stronger activities with PPAR-γ than with PPAR-α and PPAR-β/δ (EC50 = 0.74 μmol/l, 4.00 μmol/l and 8.07 μmol/l in 293T cells, respectively). |
|
|
S0170 |
BMS-687453
|
BMS-687453 (compound 2) is a potent and selective agonist of PPARα with EC50 of 10 nM and IC50 of 260 nM for human PPARα. |
|
|
S5812 |
Choline Fenofibrate
|
Choline fenofibrate(ABT-335) is a newly developed choline salt of fenofibric acid, a synthetic phenoxy-isobutyric acid derivate with antihyperlipidemic activity that acts as an PPARα agonist. |
|
|
S9674 |
Saroglitazar
|
Saroglitazar (Lipaglyn, ZYH1) is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) with EC50 of 0.65 pM and 3 nM for hPPARα and hPPARγ in HepG2 cells, respectively. |
|
|
E1699New |
SR10221
|
SR10221 is a inverse-agonist of PPARγ with IC50 of 1.6 nM in RT112/84 FABP4-NLucP reporter assay. It exhibits an antiproliferative activity in vitro. |
|
|
S9480 |
Raspberry Ketone
|
Raspberry ketone (p-Hydroxybenzyl acetone, Frambinone, Oxyphenylon, Rheosmin, Rasketone) is a natural phenolic compound that is the primary aroma compound of red raspberries. |
|
|
E1775New |
2,4-Thiazolidinedione
|
2,4-Thiazolidinedione (Thiazolidinedione), an insulin sensitizer, is a specific agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ. Thiazolidinedione treatment corrects impaired muscle insulin action in vivo. |
|
|
E1831New |
FX-909
|
FX-909 is an orally available inverse agonist and inhibitor of the transcription factor (TF) peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG, PPARγ) ), which exhibits anti-tumor activity in vivo. |
|
|
S2556 |
Rosiglitazone
|
Rosiglitazone is a potent antihyperglycemic agent and a potent thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizer with IC50 of 12, 4 and 9 nM for rat, 3T3-L1 and human adipocytes, respectively. Rosiglitazone is a pure ligand of PPAR-gamma, and has no PPAR-alpha-binding action. Rosiglitazone modulates TRP channels and induces autophagy. Rosiglitazone prevents ferroptosis. |
- Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1):1429
- Nat Commun, 2024, 15(1):7991
- Research (Wash D C), 2024, 7:0400
|
|
S2590 |
Pioglitazone
|
Pioglitazone is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) agonist, used to treat diabetes; A weak activator for full-length hPPARα, but not full-length hPPARδ. |
- Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2024, 9(1):257
- Cell Commun Signal, 2024, 22(1):266
- Braz J Med Biol Res, 2024, 57:e13235
|
|
S2505 |
Rosiglitazone maleate
|
Rosiglitazone maleate, a member of the thiazolidinedione class of antihyperglycaemic agents, is a high-affinity selective agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) with IC50 of 42 nM. Rosiglitazone maleate also modulates TRP channels and induces autophagy. Rosiglitazone prevents ferroptosis. |
- Stem Cell Reports, 2022, 17(11):2531-2547
- Cell Death Dis, 2021, 12(11):972
- Antioxidants (Basel), 2021, 10(2)155
|
|
S2075 |
Rosiglitazone HCl
|
Rosiglitazone HCl is a blood glucose-lowering drugs, stimulating insulin secretion by binding to the PPAR receptors in fat cells. |
- Stem Cell Reports, 2022, 17(11):2531-2547
- Cell Death Dis, 2021, 12(11):972
- Antioxidants (Basel), 2021, 10(2)155
|
|
S1794 |
Fenofibrate
|
Fenofibrate is a compound of the fibrate class and fibric acid derivative. Fenofibrate is a selective agonist of PPARα with EC50 of 30 μM. Fenofibrate binds to and inhibits cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP)2C with IC50 of 0.2 μM, 0.7 μM and 9.7 μM for CYP2C19, CYP2B6 and CYP2C9, respectively. Fenofibrate induces autophagy. |
- Heliyon, 2024, 10(11):e31861
- Cancer Lett, 2023, 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216427
- Cell Metab, 2022, 34(2):299-316.e6
|
|
S2046 |
Pioglitazone HCl
|
Pioglitazone HCl (AD-4833, U-72107E) is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C8 and CYP3A4 enzymes. Pioglitazone HCl inhibits CYP2C8, CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 with Ki of 1.7 μM, 11.8 μM and 32.1 μM, respectively. Pioglitazone HCl is also a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) agonist with EC50 of 0.93 μM and 0.99 μM for human PPARγ and mouse PPARγ, respectively. Pioglitazone HCl inhibits mitochondrial iron uptake, lipid peroxidation, and subsequent ferroptosis. |
- J Transl Med, 2024, 22(1):593
- Commun Biol, 2022, 5(1):231
- J Genet Genomics, 2022, S1673-8527(22)00133-3
|
|
S8020 |
GW0742
|
GW0742 is a potent and highly selective PPARβ/δ agonist, with IC50 of 1 nM, with 1000-fold selectivity over hPPARα and hPPARγ. |
- Cell Commun Signal, 2024, 22(1):266
- Med Oncol, 2024, 41(8):188
- Life Sci, 2021, 279:119696
|
|
S3846 |
Eupatilin
|
Eupatilin (NSC 122413), a major flavonoid from Artemisia plants, possesses various beneficial biological effects including anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, anti-cancer, anti-allergy, and anti-oxidation activity. |
- Int J Mol Sci, 2023, 24(6)5933
- Front Pharmacol, 2022, 13:940475
- Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(24)16055
|
|
S8432 |
Troglitazone
|
Troglitazone is a potent agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-(PPAR) that is a ligand activated transcription factor regulating cell differentiation and growth. Troglitazone induces autophagy, apoptosis and necroptosis in bladder cancer cells. Troglitazone prevents RSL3-induced ferroptosis and lipid peroxidation in Pfa1 cells. |
- CNS Neurosci Ther, 2024, 30(8):e14911
- Int J Mol Med, 2024, 53(4)37
- Free Radic Biol Med, 2021, 163:234-242
|
|
S4159 |
Bezafibrate
|
Bezafibrate (BM 15075) is the first clinically tested dual and pan-PPAR co-agonism. |
- Nat Commun, 2021, 12(1):1929
- PPAR Res, 2021, 2021:5589342
|
|
S2665 |
Ciprofibrate
|
Ciprofibrate (Win-35833) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist. |
- Respir Physiol Neurobiol, 2020, 271:103290
|
|
S4207 |
Clofibric Acid
|
Clofibric acid(Chlorofibrinic acid) is a PPARα agonist and hypolipidemic agent. |
- Lab Invest, 2023, 103(1):100004
|
|
S8770 |
Lanifibranor (IVA-337)
|
Lanifibranor (IVA-337) is a moderately potent and well balanced pan PPAR agonist with EC50 values of 1537 nM, 866 nM and 206 nM for hPPARα, hPPARδ and hPPARγ, respectively. |
- Brain Res Bull, 2021, 177:22-30
|
|
S3786 |
Glabridin
|
Glabridin (Q-100692, KB-289522, LS-176045), one of the active phytochemicals in licorice extract, binds to and activates the ligand binding domain of PPARγ, as well as the full length receptor. It is also a GABAA receptor positive modulator promoting fatty acid oxidation and improving learning and memory. |
- Life Sci, 2021, S0024-3205(20)31752-5
|
|
S3720 |
Elafibranor
|
Elafibranor (GFT505) is an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α(PPAR-alpha) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ(PPAR-δ). It improves insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism and reduces inflammation. |
- JHEP Rep, 2023, 5(10):100845
- JHEP Rep, 2023, 5(10):100845
|
|
S1473New |
GW501516
|
GW501516 is a potent and highly selective PPARβ/δ agonist, with EC50 of 1 nM, with 1000-fold selectivity over hPPARα and hPPARγ. Phase 4. |
|
|
S9199 |
Pseudoginsenoside F11
|
Pseudoginsenoside F11, a natural product found in American ginseng but not in Asian ginseng, is a novel partial PPARγ agonist. |
|
|
S8046 |
GW7647
|
GW7647 is a potent PPARα agonist, with EC50s of 6 nM, 1.1 μM, and 6.2 μM for human PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ, respectively. |
|
|
S6635New |
Seladelpar
|
Seladelpar(MBX-8025) is a potent and selective agonist of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-delta (PPAR-δ) with EC50 of 2 nM for human PPAR-δ. MBX-8025 enhances insulin sensitivity, counters dyslipidemia, and reduces hepatic storage of lipotoxic lipids, thereby ameliorating NASH pathology in obese diabetic mice. |
|
|
S3878 |
Bavachinin
|
Bavachinin (7-O-Methylbavachin) is a novel natural pan-PPAR agonist from the fruit of the traditional Chinese glucose-lowering herb malaytea scurfpea. It shows stronger activities with PPAR-γ than with PPAR-α and PPAR-β/δ (EC50 = 0.74 μmol/l, 4.00 μmol/l and 8.07 μmol/l in 293T cells, respectively). |
|
|
S0170 |
BMS-687453
|
BMS-687453 (compound 2) is a potent and selective agonist of PPARα with EC50 of 10 nM and IC50 of 260 nM for human PPARα. |
|
|
S5812 |
Choline Fenofibrate
|
Choline fenofibrate(ABT-335) is a newly developed choline salt of fenofibric acid, a synthetic phenoxy-isobutyric acid derivate with antihyperlipidemic activity that acts as an PPARα agonist. |
|
|
S9674 |
Saroglitazar
|
Saroglitazar (Lipaglyn, ZYH1) is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) with EC50 of 0.65 pM and 3 nM for hPPARα and hPPARγ in HepG2 cells, respectively. |
|
|
E1699New |
SR10221
|
SR10221 is a inverse-agonist of PPARγ with IC50 of 1.6 nM in RT112/84 FABP4-NLucP reporter assay. It exhibits an antiproliferative activity in vitro. |
|
|
S9480 |
Raspberry Ketone
|
Raspberry ketone (p-Hydroxybenzyl acetone, Frambinone, Oxyphenylon, Rheosmin, Rasketone) is a natural phenolic compound that is the primary aroma compound of red raspberries. |
|
|
E1775New |
2,4-Thiazolidinedione
|
2,4-Thiazolidinedione (Thiazolidinedione), an insulin sensitizer, is a specific agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ. Thiazolidinedione treatment corrects impaired muscle insulin action in vivo. |
|
|
E1831New |
FX-909
|
FX-909 is an orally available inverse agonist and inhibitor of the transcription factor (TF) peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG, PPARγ) ), which exhibits anti-tumor activity in vivo. |
|
|