Guanabenz

Interleukin-6 (IL6), colony stimulating factor 2 (Csf2), and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox2) are downregulated by guanabenz-driven phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). Although expression of IL1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNFα) was suppressed by guanabenz, their downregulation was not directly mediated by eIF2α signaling.^[2]

RAW264.7 macrophages and primary macrophages were cultured in αMEM with 10% FBS and antibiotics. Mouse bone marrow cells were grown with 10 ng/mL macrophage colony-stimulating factor for three days, and the surface-attached cells were used as primary macrophages. Jurkat T lymphocytes and HMC-1.1 mast cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 and IMDM with 1-thioglycerol, respectively. RAW264.7 cells and primary macrophages were activated by 0.1 or 1 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while Jurkat cells and HMC-1.1 cells were activated by 100 nM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and 1 µM ionomycin. Of note, the MTT assay was conducted by RAW264.7 cells for evaluating cytotoxicity.