Phospho-ATF2 (Thr 71) Rabbit mAb

Catalog No.: F2830

サイズ（液体）	価格(税別)	在庫状況
50uL	JPY 23500	国内在庫なし(納期7~10日)
100uL	JPY 35500	国内在庫なし(納期7~10日)
100uL*2	JPY 53500	お問い合わせ

代表番号: 045-509-1970\|電子メール：sales@selleck.co.jp よく尋ねられる質問

使用情報

Dilution
WB1:5000 IP1:30 IF1:500

Application
WB, IP, IF

Source
Rabbit

Reactivity
Human, Mouse

Storage Buffer
PBS, pH 7.2+50% Glycerol+0.05% BSA+0.01% NaN3

Storage (from the date of receipt)
-20°C (avoid freeze-thaw cycles), 2 years

Predicted MW Observed MW
55 kDa 70 kDa
^*なぜ予測分子量と実際の分子量が異なるのか？下記の原因により、実際の分子量が予測と異なる：タンパク質の翻訳後修飾（リン酸化/糖鎖付加），スプライシングバリアント，イソフォーム，相対的な電荷，ポリマー。

プロトコール

IF
Experimental Protocol: Sample Preparation 1. Adherent Cells: Place a clean, sterile coverslip in a culture dish. Once the cells grow to near confluence as a monolayer, remove the coverslip for further use. 2. Suspension Cells: Seed the cells onto a clean, sterile slide coated with poly-L-lysine. 3. Frozen Sections: Allow the slide to thaw at room temperature. Wash it with pure water or PBS for 2 times, 3 minutes each time. 4. Paraffin Sections: Deparaffinization and rehydration. Wash the slide with pure water or PBS for 3 times, 3 minutes each time. Then perform antigen retrieval. Fixation 1. Fix the cell coverslips/spots or tissue sections at room temperature using a fixative such as 4% paraformaldehyde (4% PFA) for 10-15 minutes. 2. Wash the sample with PBS for 3 times, 3 minutes each time. Permeabilization 1.Add a detergent such as 0.1–0.3% Triton X-100 to the sample and incubate at room temperature for 10–20 minutes. (Note: This step is only required for intracellular antigens. For antigens expressed on the cell membrane, this step is unnecessary.) Wash the sample with PBS for 3 times, 3 minutes each time. Blocking Add blocking solution and incubate at room temperature for at least 1 hour. (Common blocking solutions include: serum from the same source as the secondary antibody, BSA, or goat serum.) Note: Ensure the sample remains moist during and after the blocking step to prevent drying, which can lead to high background. Immunofluorescence Staining (Day 1) 1. Remove the blocking solution and add the diluted primary antibody. 2. Incubate the sample in a humidified chamber at 4°C overnight. Immunofluorescence Staining (Day 2) 1. Remove the primary antibody and wash with PBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time. 2. Add the diluted fluorescent secondary antibody and incubate in the dark at 4°C for 1–2 hours. 3. Remove the secondary antibody and wash with PBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time. 4. Add diluted DAPI and incubate at room temperature in the dark for 5–10 minutes. 5. Wash with PBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time. Mounting 1. Mount the sample with an anti-fade mounting medium. 2. Allow the slide to dry at room temperature overnight in the dark. 3. Store the slide in a slide storage box at 4°C, protected from light.

Experimental Protocol:

Sample Preparation

1. Adherent Cells: Place a clean, sterile coverslip in a culture dish. Once the cells grow to near confluence as a monolayer, remove the coverslip for further use.

2. Suspension Cells: Seed the cells onto a clean, sterile slide coated with poly-L-lysine.

3. Frozen Sections: Allow the slide to thaw at room temperature. Wash it with pure water or PBS for 2 times, 3 minutes each time.

4. Paraffin Sections: Deparaffinization and rehydration. Wash the slide with pure water or PBS for 3 times, 3 minutes each time. Then perform antigen retrieval.

Fixation

1. Fix the cell coverslips/spots or tissue sections at room temperature using a fixative such as 4% paraformaldehyde (4% PFA) for 10-15 minutes.

2. Wash the sample with PBS for 3 times, 3 minutes each time.

Permeabilization

1.Add a detergent such as 0.1–0.3% Triton X-100 to the sample and incubate at room temperature for 10–20 minutes.

(Note: This step is only required for intracellular antigens. For antigens expressed on the cell membrane, this step is unnecessary.)

Wash the sample with PBS for 3 times, 3 minutes each time.

Blocking

Add blocking solution and incubate at room temperature for at least 1 hour. (Common blocking solutions include: serum from the same source as the secondary antibody, BSA, or goat serum.)

Note: Ensure the sample remains moist during and after the blocking step to prevent drying, which can lead to high background.

Immunofluorescence Staining (Day 1)

1. Remove the blocking solution and add the diluted primary antibody.

2. Incubate the sample in a humidified chamber at 4°C overnight.

Immunofluorescence Staining (Day 2)

1. Remove the primary antibody and wash with PBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time.

2. Add the diluted fluorescent secondary antibody and incubate in the dark at 4°C for 1–2 hours.

3. Remove the secondary antibody and wash with PBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time.

4. Add diluted DAPI and incubate at room temperature in the dark for 5–10 minutes.

5. Wash with PBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time.

Mounting

1. Mount the sample with an anti-fade mounting medium.

2. Allow the slide to dry at room temperature overnight in the dark.

3. Store the slide in a slide storage box at 4°C, protected from light.

Datasheet & SDS

生物学的記述

Specificity
Phospho-ATF2 (Thr 71) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of ATF2 only when phosphorylated at Thr 71.

Synonym(s)
p-ATF-2

Clone
F15L17

Background
ATF2 is a member of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family and contains a C-terminal bZIP domain for DNA binding and dimerization, while its N-terminal domain harbors regulatory phosphorylation sites, including Thr69 and Thr71. It is ubiquitously expressed, with high levels in the brain, and functions in stress responses, chromatin remodeling, and DNA damage repair. Phosphorylation at Thr71, primarily by JNK and p38 MAPK, occurs in response to cellular stress, including UV irradiation, inflammatory cytokines, and genotoxic agents. This phosphorylation relieves an intramolecular autoinhibition, enabling ATF2 to dimerize and activate stress-responsive genes. Understanding phospho-ATF2 (Thr71) is crucial for studying stress signaling, transcriptional regulation, and diseases such as cancer, where dysregulation of stress-response pathways contributes to disease progression and therapeutic resistance.

Background

ATF2 is a member of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family and contains a C-terminal bZIP domain for DNA binding and dimerization, while its N-terminal domain harbors regulatory phosphorylation sites, including Thr69 and Thr71. It is ubiquitously expressed, with high levels in the brain, and functions in stress responses, chromatin remodeling, and DNA damage repair. Phosphorylation at Thr71, primarily by JNK and p38 MAPK, occurs in response to cellular stress, including UV irradiation, inflammatory cytokines, and genotoxic agents. This phosphorylation relieves an intramolecular autoinhibition, enabling ATF2 to dimerize and activate stress-responsive genes. Understanding phospho-ATF2 (Thr71) is crucial for studying stress signaling, transcriptional regulation, and diseases such as cancer, where dysregulation of stress-response pathways contributes to disease progression and therapeutic resistance.

References
[1] Vlahopoulos SA, et al. Bioessays. 2008 Apr;30(4):314-27.

PVDFメンブレン孔径参考表

Protein Size (kDa)	PVDF Transfer Membrane Pore Size (μm)
< 10	0.22
10-20	0.22
20-30	0.45
30-45	0.45
45-70	0.45
80-100	0.45
100-140	0.45
> 140	0.45

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Protein Size (kDa)	Separating Gel Percentage
4-40	20%
12-45	15%
10-70	12.5%
15-100	10%
25-100	8%
60-210	5%